Sanitary installations in a building form a complex of various systems, both inside and outside the structure. Their main functions are the supply of cold and hot utility water, the removal of used water and the distribution of heat necessary for heating. Additionally, they are responsible for the proper circulation of air and the supply of gas. They consist of many smaller components, the purpose of which is to provide residents with maximum comfort while maintaining the highest safety standards. The implementation of such a project requires careful planning.
Sanitary installations in apartments and single-family houses are now considered essential for everyday life and comfort. In smaller urban centers, it is usually easy to connect to the municipal water supply system. In metropolitan areas, however, the option of connecting to the municipal sewage system is often available. One challenge may arise in the context of heating systems, as single-family houses are usually heated independently, mainly using various models of furnaces. It is crucial to be aware of the diversity and specificity of sanitary installations, which allows for a better understanding and management of these systems in homes.
Designs of sanitary installations in residential and commercial buildings include main categories such as water installation, sewage installation, heat recovery and gas installation, where each of them performs specific functions.
The water installation is responsible for the supply and distribution of water within buildings. It is made up of elements such as pipes, valves and end points, which include bathroom and kitchen fittings. In single-family homes, water heating devices such as heat pumps, gas boilers, boilers or instantaneous water heaters are also common due to the need to heat cold water independently.
The sewage system is designed to remove waste water and waste from facilities. Its construction is based on pipes and specialized devices, including channels or collectors. In ideal conditions, such systems are connected to the municipal sewage system, but in cases where this is not possible, it may be necessary to build local sewage treatment plants or septic tanks.
Heating the building is the task of the heating system, which uses modern technologies, including heat pumps and condensing gas boilers. These boilers heat water, which is then distributed to the underfloor heating or radiators.
The gas installation, on the other hand, is designed to provide access to gas from the network or domestic gas cylinders, which is particularly important in older building structures. Despite changes in trends in the use of gas appliances, for example replacing them with electric cookers, gas systems are still present and have their application in many places.
Recuperation is used to exchange air in a building by removing used air from rooms and replacing it with fresh, purified air. Recuperation installations can be equipped with an air humidifier, which will monitor the air humidity in the building.
In a building’s sanitary system, a number of important elements can be distinguished, which make up a comprehensive structure. Here are some examples:
These components are essential when designing water supply systems, central heating recuperation and sewage systems in buildings.
Carrying out an inspection of sanitary systems should be considered an important element of the technical assessment of a building before purchase or rental. Regardless of whether we are talking about a newly built property or a property from the secondary market, the most important thing is always to ensure trouble-free operation of the installation from the moment of purchase and in the future. Therefore, it is important to carefully check whether the systems supplying gas to devices such as a heat pump, boiler or gas cooker have been installed without errors. Any defects found should be recorded in the leak test document. Similar activities apply to chimneys and ventilation systems, which must meet specific standards, which is also recorded in the appropriate chimney protocol. If the developer carried out their own tests of underfloor heating or radiators for their correct operation before handing over the property, it is recommended to request a document confirming that no drops in water pressure were recorded.
In the case of gas installations dedicated to single-family and multi-family buildings, enterprises and public institutions, experienced specialists provide assistance in modifying projects to adequately adapt them to the unique conditions of a given location. All work related to gas connections is carried out in accordance with current legal standards in the field of construction and energy. In accordance with Polish regulations, gas installations (and their modifications) require the preparation of design documentation and obtaining appropriate building permits. By commissioning the execution of gas connections to a specialist company QBORG, the client is released from the obligation to take care of the required documents and permits, because it will take care of all formalities concerning both gas installations from the network and from domestic LPG gas cylinders.
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